TA has been aroud for years. Candlestick charting has been used in Japan (originally by futures traders I beleive) and basic Dow theory etc has been around since the early 1900's. I would say TA has been around for at least 100 years in some form or another. Basically, for as long as modern financial markets have existed, TA has been there for those who wish to use it, whether paper based or more recently technology based.
Warren Buffet traded/ invested based on fundamentals. This comes back to the old argument of Fundamental v technical analysis.
IMHO, fundamentals/ value etc are more suited to LTBH investing.
For most shorter term "traders". ie those who speculate on a shorter term price movement (long or short) over usually several minutes to several days/ weeks, I am pretty sure that the vast majority will use TA of one form or another.