The U.S. dollar collapsed after the Fed meeting as currency traders interpreted the FOMC statement as a green light to sell dollars. The Fed did exactly what the market had anticipated in terms of upgrading their economic assessment and extending the expiration date of their asset purchases program but what currency traders latched onto was their plans to keep the fed funds rate an at an exceptionally low level for an extended period of time because of substantial resource slack and subdued inflation pressures. For the time being, the Federal Reserve is clearly not worried about the inflationary impact of a weaker dollar. Although it can also be argued that the dollar’s weakness stems from the improvement in risk appetite that followed the Fed’s more upbeat tone, the sell-off in USD/JPY indicates that the move is a dollar story. The takeaway point from the Fed meeting is that interest rates in the U.S. will remain low into 2010, leaving the dollar as the perfect funding currency for carry trades.
In general, the Federal Reserve did exactly what the market anticipated. Team Bernanke left interest rates unchanged at 0.25 percent and recognized the improvements in the economy and financial markets when they said that economic activity has picked up following its severe downturn. The housing market continues to recover and businesses are cutting back on fixed investment and staffing at a slower pace. They also extended the deadline for completing their mortgage backed securities and agency debt purchase program to the end of the first quarter while keeping the size of the program unchanged. By spreading out their stimulus over a longer period of time, they are telling the markets that conditions in the financial markets have improved enough that they do not need to hit the market with the entire stimulus now.
As you can see by the reaction in the equity markets, the outcome of the Fed meeting is positive for the economy. Unfortunately it is not positive for the dollar. With bond yields falling across the board, the dollar carry trade remains the primary driving force behind dollar weakness. The next FOMC meeting is not until November 4th and a lot can change in six weeks particularly with the dollar and equities trading at significant levels. With the cash for clunkers program and back to school sales over, it will be important to see how consumer spending holds up over the next few months. In the meantime, the only thing that can stop the dollar from falling would be the concern by other central banks or G20 leaders.
When Will the Federal Reserve Raise Interest Rates?
In order for the Federal Reserve to start raising interest rates, they will first have to remove their excess policy accommodation and unwind some of their aggressive asset purchase programs. We expect them to do so gradually over the next few months and for traders to start thinking about a rate hike in 2010. Prior to today’s Fed meeting, Fed fund futures were pricing in a rate hike in June. However, over the past 3 decades, the U.S. central bank has never raised interest rates before the unemployment rate peaked (as highlighted in the chart below). Everyone from Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke to Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner and President Barack Obama has said that the unemployment rate will continue to rise even though the economy has stabilized. Currently the unemployment rate is 9.7 percent and it is not expected to peak until it breaks the 10 percent mark. There is a good chance that the Federal Reserve could keep interest rates “exceptionally low” throughout the first half of 2010 which means that the dollar could remain the funding currency of choice next year.