I don't know about random but zero-sum game for sure and in that game usually market maker wins.
Its less than zero sum and the market maker always wins - but that shouldn't bother anyone nor does it or would it affect anyone as we know the rules from the get go and play off the same set. The rules are set whether you make millions and take advantage of tax havens or are on minimum wage paying your fair share of taxes or are unemployed and pay no tax. Take a look at the following example.
1 village (closed to outside trade) with 100 people and 1 coffee shop that sells 1 coffee to each villager every day. The shop makes £1 per cup equalling £100 each day but pays rent (commission) of £10, therefore profiting £90 each day.
NOTE: Village produces all goods from cups to sugar, water, milk etc etc.
Without the landlord (for which is impossible), all money from the sale of coffee would go to the shop then the shop would buy its cups, water and other ingredients back from the villagers. This would be classed as zero sum, ie, what goes around within the industry or sector stays and comes back around. This is not the case in any circumstances. I assume everyone that earns money pays taxes and therefore the government takes their portion out at source. This alone makes 'our' game (the game of life), less than zero sum - Although some people will get more than others out of the game of life.
Keeping it brief, you work, you provide a service, recieve money, pay your 20%+ tax and with whats left pay other people to provide a service back to you. Of course you are already down due to paying tax. If you do not work and receive benefits (from tax payers), you are not providing a service but yet getting a property, and money to buy people to provide you a service, ie, health, police, support, housing, food, water and heating etc. This is not an attack, just a fact. Therefore this group of people benefit greatly as they give less than they receive. They are plus zero sum game, the worker is less than zero sum game.
Leading on from this:
Consider for a moment that the landlord who collects the rent is the market maker, this person will always win - from the person it collects from of course - they provide a service (the property) in exchange for you trying to make money by selling your service/goods.
Another person comes along and sees an opportunity to make money and therefore opens an adjacent coffee shop in their own trading style/system. The landlord is loving this as he now collects another £10 rent per day - the more people opening shops/trading, the more he collects. However, there are still only 100 people in the village spending £1 per day on coffee. This is the amount of money in the economy at any one time.
Shop 1 now has competition and has to ensure they do something consistently better than shop 2 to keep making money. Are they under threat?
So: we've established that the landlord/market maker always wins as long as people are making or losing money, we've also established that life is not always fair, ie, less than zero sum for most. I buy something, I lose money, I sell something I take money. Net profit and loss is different and irrelevant for the purpose of my message, however, its pertinent to note that every time a trader, shop keeper, pub etc, buys goods, they are immediately down on the money. Similarly for traders we have margin on account locked away in the trade but we also have an immediate deduction called commission and spread. Hence why entry (buying) comes second to exit (selling), regardless of profit or loss. Its more to the point of how much profit, how much loss.
There is a lot to think about in this post for those that are truly interested in excelling in this industry (and bothered to read and digest the post in its entirety), one of the major points to note is: Who has the better chance of making money, the coffee shop that is on it all hours of every day, studies constantly, educates and re-educates on a regular basis and has the capital to ensure their safe existence and drawdowns.... or the person who opens their shop with 6 months 'self taught' history, spares 3 hours a day and has a hand full of change they can't afford to lose???
Have a great thoughtful and productive Sunday,
Lee