ECB QE loosing its power
As investors gear up for more stimulus from the European Central Bank, short-term bonds in the eurozone are on a tear, but investors are much more cautious about longer-dated debt.
That reflects two things. First, investors are increasingly confident that the region’s economy will continue its slow, steady recovery. But it also indicates that the ECB’s bond-buying program, known as quantitative easing, is losing its power to pack a punch in markets.
Earlier this year, when the ECB made clear it would launch a quantitative-easing program, eurozone bonds of all stripes went on a massive rally. Now, even though ECB chief Mario Draghi has indicated more stimulus is coming, the reaction has been less sweeping.
“The belief that QE will lift bonds across the board has run its course, ” said Chris Wightman, a senior portfolio manager at Wells Fargo Asset Management, which manages $496 billion of assets.
The yield on German two-year debt–the eurozone’s benchmark for heavily-traded short-term bonds–sank to an all-time low of minus 0.37% on Friday, after ECB boss Mario Draghi a day earlier reiterated that the central bank may ease policy at its next meeting in December. Two-year yields–which fall as prices rise–are deep in negative territory in a range of countries inside the currency bloc, meaning investors are paying more than ever before to park their cash for two years.
Longer-term yields, by contrast, are well above the record lows they touched in April shortly after the ECB launched quantitative easing. Germany’s 10-year finished Thursday at 0.58%, having fallen as far as 0.07% earlier in the year.
A vicious selloff later in the second quarter stung many of the investors who had piled into aggressive bets on government bonds.
Mr. Draghi said earlier in November that the ECB will consider expanding or lengthening its bond-buying program in December. He also said the central bank will consider a further reduction in interest rates, some of which are already negative.
The rally in short-term debt–where yields tend to closely mirror expectations for short-term interest rates–suggest the second of these measures is having a more powerful impact, according to Mr. Wightman.
Many banks, already under pressure from regulators to buy piles of high-rated government debt, are likely to put money into the bond market rather than pay to store it at the ECB.
But the prospect of a rate increase from the Federal Reserve–which is now widely expected in December and has lifted bond yields in the U. S.–is deterring some would-be buyers of long-term eurozone bonds.
Mr. Wightman said he prefers to buy 10-year U.S. Treasurys, which currently yield 2.31%, rather than their German counterparts.
Investors also point to a sluggish but persistent economic recovery in the eurozone, which should eventually drive up inflation from ultralow levels. Any prospect of rising prices, which erode the value of long-term debt, would make low-yielding German debt an even less appealing proposition.
Indeed, a durable rise in long-term yields could actually signal success of quantitative easing, given that the program is designed to boost inflation back to the central bank’s target.
For fund managers, owning 10-year bonds now yielding little more than 0.5% means “you are scarcely covering your management fee,” according to Russel Matthews, a portfolio manager at BlueBay Asset Management, which manages around $60 billion.
Mr. Matthews favors riskier and higher-yielding euro-denominated bonds issued by countries including Mexico, Croatia and Bulgaria over German debt. Those bonds should benefit from an easing of fears over global growth, he said.
Investors are also chastened by their experience earlier in the year, when the massive eurozone bond rally snapped back violently in April and May, wiping out many funds’ gains for the year.
“Investors got burned quite badly in the volatility earlier this year. As a result they’re less inclined to chase yields lower,” Mr. Matthews said.