FT today .....
Anyone wanna buy some second-hand Euros ?.....only one owner ?
Switzerland is facing the consequences of a vow to keep the franc weak.
Figures released by the Swiss National Bank on Tuesday show that its euro holdings have ballooned in the second quarter of the year, as the bank battles haven demand from investors and struggles to maintain a ceiling of SFr1.20 against the single currency.
Switzerland has been accumulating foreign exchange reserves so quickly in recent weeks that it has been labelled “the new China”. The country has SFr365bn ($374bn) worth of foreign exchange, making it the sixth biggest holder of reserves in the world behind China, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Russia and Taiwan.
But the cost of defending the franc limit is becoming apparent. The SNB’s policy of weakening the Swiss franc means that it is accumulating euros so rapidly it is unable to offload them fast enough. Crucially, the proportion of its reserves held in euros has risen from 51 per cent at the end of the first quarter to 60 per cent by June. Analysts say that is a warning sign the bank is finding it difficult to rebalance its assets.
“There’s a logic that says they can print Swiss francs until the cows come home, but the problem is they’re not controlling the outcome on the euro side. There’s the risk they’ll be holding an asset that’s viewed as being very poor quality,” says Steven Englander, foreign exchange strategist at Citigroup.
Switzerland’s swollen forex reserves are a relatively recent problem. While the central bank introduced the ceiling against the euro last September, it did not have to buy euros to defend the franc until the eurozone debt crisis intensified in the second quarter of this year. Indeed, most of the SNB’s euros were added in May and June as Switzerland embarked on a buying spree to keep the franc weak in the face of heavy demand for a haven in Europe.
That buying has not been reflected in the value of the franc. Since the start of April, the franc has traded within a whisker of the ceiling against the euro, at around SFr1.2010. But the SNB’s own foreign currency reserve holdings started to show a different picture in June, with the bank buying an estimated SFr60bn worth of euros in May alone to keep the franc where it was.
Analysts estimate that the bank is now buying about SFr3bn a day in euros. Elsa Lignos, foreign currency analyst at RBC Capital Markets, points out that if the SNB continues to accumulate euros at this rapid rate, in four years its foreign currency reserves will be higher than those of China, which has the largest forex stockpile in the world at $3.24tn.
That impressive accumulation is also making the SNB a huge force in the forex markets as it seeks to shed euros and rebalance its assets, a process that many forex traders are trying to second guess.
Analysts believe the SNB is responsible for some of the more unusual moves in the currency markets since the euro first started selling off in May. The SNB increased its holdings of “other” currencies in the second quarter from 3 to 4 per cent. Those currencies are defined by the SNB as the Swedish krona, Canadian dollar, Australian dollar, Danish krone, Korean won and the Singapore dollar. The SNB is believed to have contributed to the recent unusual strength of the first three currencies.
Still, the SNB is not moving as fast as many had expected. Many analysts thought the central bank would have kept the proportion of euros it holds at closer to 50 per cent. The latest data suggest the SNB has a lot of “dud” assets on its balance sheet at precisely the time nearly all other investors are dumping their euro holdings.
Geoffrey Yu, foreign currency analyst at UBS, suggests the SNB is “trying not to annoy people” by selling all its euros as soon as it buys them, which could lead to further downward and destabilising pressure on the single currency.
The SNB is also creating a headache for other central banks, faced with rising demand for their currencies as Switzerland embarks on its rebalancing act. “Sweden will need to set monetary policy now with the SNB in mind,” says Mr Yu.
Geoffrey Kendrick, foreign currency analyst at Nomura, estimates that, even if the central bank bought no more euros, it still needs to sell SFr20bn of euros to return to the same proportion of holdings it had in the first quarter. Offloading that could push the single currency sharply lower against other big currencies such as the dollar.