From Traderpedia
Formulae and equations can be automatically rendered for clarity and neatness.
Maths markup goes inside <math> ... </math> tags.
Line breaks (<br>) within these tags are fine, and aren't rendered. They're a good idea to keep the raw markup clear (for instance, a line break after each term or row of a matrix).
Please mention any bugs on the Traderpedia forum.
[edit] Functions, symbols, special characters
(see also Help:Special characters)
| Feature |
Syntax |
How it looks rendered |
| std. functions (good) |
\sin x + \ln y +\operatorname{sgn} z |
<math>\sin x + \ln y +\operatorname{sgn} z</math> |
| std. functions (wrong) |
sin x + ln y + sgn z |
<math>sin x + ln y + sgn z\,</math> |
| Modular arithm. |
s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m} |
<math>s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m}</math> |
| Derivatives |
\nabla \partial x dx \dot x \ddot y |
<math>\nabla \ \partial x \ dx \ \dot x\ \ddot y</math> |
| Sets |
\forall x \not\in \varnothing \subseteq A \cap \bigcap B \cup \bigcup \exists \{x,y\}
\times C |
<math>\forall x \not\in \varnothing \subseteq A \cap \bigcap B \cup \bigcup \exists \{x,y\}
\times C</math> |
| Logic |
p \land \bar{q} \to p\lor \lnot q |
<math>p \land \bar{q} \to p\lor \lnot q</math> |
| Root |
\sqrt{2}\approx 1.4 |
<math>\sqrt{2}\approx 1.4</math> |
| \sqrt[n]{x} |
<math>\sqrt[n]{x}</math> |
| Relations |
\sim \simeq \cong \le \ge \equiv \not\equiv \approx \ne \propto |
<math> \sim \ \simeq \ \cong \ \le \ \ge \ \equiv \ \not\equiv \ \approx \ \ne \ \propto</math> |
| Geometric |
\triangle \angle \perp \| 45^\circ |
<math>\triangle \ \angle \perp \| \ 45^\circ</math> |
| Arrows |
\leftarrow \rightarrow \leftrightarrow
\longleftarrow \longrightarrow
\mapsto \longmapsto
\nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow
\uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow
|
<math>\leftarrow\ \rightarrow\ \leftrightarrow</math>
<math>\longleftarrow\ \longrightarrow</math>
<math>\mapsto\ \longmapsto</math>
<math>\nearrow\ \searrow\ \swarrow\ \nwarrow</math>
<math>\uparrow\ \downarrow\ \updownarrow</math>
|
|
\Leftarrow \Rightarrow \Leftrightarrow
\Longleftarrow \Longrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow
\Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow
|
<math>\Leftarrow\ \Rightarrow\ \Leftrightarrow</math>
<math>\Longleftarrow\ \Longrightarrow\ \Longleftrightarrow</math>
<math>\Uparrow\ \Downarrow\ \Updownarrow</math>
|
| Special |
\div \oplus \otimes \pm \mp \hbar \wr \dagger \ddagger \star * \ldots \circ \cdot \times
\bullet \infty \vdash \models |
<math>\div \oplus \otimes \pm \mp \hbar \wr \dagger \ddagger \star * \ldots</math>
<math>\circ \cdot \times \bullet\ \infty \ \vdash \ \models</math> |
| Lowercase \mathcal has some extras |
\mathcal {45abcdenpqstuvwx} |
<math>\mathcal {45abcdenpqstuvwx}</math>
|
[edit] Subscripts, superscripts, integrals
| Feature |
Syntax |
How it looks rendered |
| Superscript |
a^2 |
<math>a^2</math> |
<math>a^2 \,\!</math> |
| Subscript |
a_2 |
<math>a_2</math> |
<math>a_2 \,\!</math> |
| Grouping |
a^{2+2} |
<math>a^{2+2}</math> |
<math>a^{2+2} \,\!</math> |
| a_{i,j} |
<math>a_{i,j}</math> |
<math>a_{i,j} \,\!</math> |
| Combining sub & super |
x_2^3 |
<math>x_2^3</math> |
| Derivative (good) |
x' |
<math>x'</math> |
<math>x' \,\!</math> |
| Derivative (wrong in HTML) |
x^\prime |
<math>x^\prime</math> |
<math>x^\prime \,\!</math> |
| Derivative (wrong in PNG) |
x\prime |
<math>x\prime</math> |
<math>x\prime \,\!</math> |
| Derivative dots |
\dot{x}, \ddot{x} |
<math>\dot{x}, \ddot{x}</math> |
| Underlines & overlines |
\hat a \bar b \vec c \widehat {d e f} \overline {g h i} \underline {j k l} |
<math>\hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c \ \widehat {d e f} \ \overline {g h i} \ \underline {j k l}</math> |
| Sum |
\sum_{k=1}^N k^2 |
<math>\sum_{k=1}^N k^2</math> |
| Product |
\prod_{i=1}^N x_i |
<math>\prod_{i=1}^N x_i</math> |
| Limit |
\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n |
<math>\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n</math> |
| Integral |
\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx |
<math>\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx</math> |
| Line Integral |
\oint_{C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy |
<math>\oint_{C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy</math> |
[edit] Fractions, matrices, multilines
| Feature |
Syntax |
How it looks rendered |
| Fractions |
\frac{2}{4} or {2 \over 4} |
<math>\frac{2}{4}</math> |
| Binomial coefficients |
{n \choose k} |
<math>{n \choose k}</math> |
| Small Fractions |
\begin{matrix} \frac{2}{4} \end{matrix} |
<math>\begin{matrix} \frac{2}{4} \end{matrix}</math> |
| Matrices |
\begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{matrix} |
<math>\begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v
\end{matrix}</math> |
| \begin{vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{vmatrix} |
<math>\begin{vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v
\end{vmatrix}</math> |
| \begin{Vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Vmatrix} |
<math>\begin{Vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v
\end{Vmatrix}</math> |
| \begin{bmatrix} 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ \vdots &
\ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & \cdots &
0\end{bmatrix} |
<math>\begin{bmatrix} 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ \vdots
& \ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & \cdots &
0\end{bmatrix} </math> |
| \begin{Bmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Bmatrix} |
<math>\begin{Bmatrix} x & y \\ z & v
\end{Bmatrix}</math> |
| \begin{pmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{pmatrix} |
<math>\begin{pmatrix} x & y \\ z & v
\end{pmatrix}</math> |
| Case distinctions |
f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \\ 3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is odd} \end{cases} |
<math>f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \\ 3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is odd} \end{cases} </math> |
| Multiline equations |
\begin{matrix}f(n+1) & = & (n+1)^2 \\ \ &
= & n^2 + 2n + 1 \end{matrix} |
<math>\begin{matrix}f(n+1) & = & (n+1)^2 \\ \ & = & n^2 + 2n + 1 \end{matrix}</math> |
| Alternative multiline equations (using tables) |
{|
|-
|<math>f(n+1)</math>
|<math>=(n+1)^2</math>
|-
|
|<math>=n^2 + 2n + 1</math>
|}
|
| <math>f(n+1) \,\!</math>
| <math>=(n+1)^2 \,\!</math>
|
|
| <math>=n^2 + 2n + 1 \,\!</math>
|
|
| Feature |
Syntax |
How it looks rendered |
| Greek letters |
\alpha \beta \gamma \Gamma \phi \Phi \Psi\ \tau \Omega |
<math>\alpha\ \beta\ \gamma\ \Gamma\ \phi\ \Phi\ \Psi\ \tau\ \Omega</math> |
| Blackboard bold |
x\in\mathbb{R}\sub\mathbb{C} |
<math>x\in\mathbb{R}\subset\mathbb{C}</math> |
| boldface (vectors) |
\mathbf{x}\cdot\mathbf{y} = 0 |
<math>\mathbf{x}\cdot\mathbf{y} = 0</math> |
| boldface (greek) |
\boldsymbol{\alpha} + \boldsymbol{\beta} + \boldsymbol{\gamma} |
<math>\boldsymbol{\alpha} + \boldsymbol{\beta} + \boldsymbol{\gamma}</math> |
| Fraktur typeface |
\mathfrak{a} \mathfrak{B} |
<math>\mathfrak{a} \mathfrak{B}</math> |
| Script |
\mathcal{ABC} |
<math>\mathcal{ABC}</math> |
| Hebrew |
\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth |
<math>\aleph\ \beth\ \gimel\ \daleth</math> |
| non-italicised characters |
\mbox{abc} |
<math>\mbox{abc}</math> |
<math>\mbox{abc} \,\!</math> |
| mixed italics (bad) |
\mbox{if} n \mbox{is even} |
<math>\mbox{if} n \mbox{is even}</math> |
<math>\mbox{if} n \mbox{is even} \,\!</math> |
| mixed italics (good) |
\mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} |
<math>\mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even}</math> |
<math>\mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \,\!</math> |
[edit] Parenthesizing big expressions, brackets, bars
| Feature |
Syntax |
How it looks rendered |
| Not good |
( \frac{1}{2} ) |
<math>( \frac{1}{2} )</math> |
| Good |
\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right ) |
<math>\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )</math> |
You can use various delimiters with \left and \right:
| Feature |
Syntax |
How it looks rendered |
| Parentheses |
\left ( A \right ) |
<math>\left ( A \right )</math> |
| Brackets |
\left [ A \right ] |
<math>\left [ A \right ]</math> |
| Braces |
\left \{ A \right \} |
<math>\left \{ A \right \}</math> |
| Angle brackets |
\left \langle A \right \rangle |
<math>\left \langle A \right \rangle</math> |
| Bars and double bars |
\left | A \right | and \left \| B \right \| |
<math>\left | A \right | and \left \| B \right \|</math> |
|
Delimiters can be mixed,
as long as \left and \right match
|
\left [ 0,1 \right )
\left \langle \psi \right |
|
<math>\left [ 0,1 \right )</math>
<math>\left \langle \psi \right |</math>
|
Use \left. and \right. if you don't
want a delimiter to appear: |
\left . \frac{A}{B} \right \} \to X |
<math>\left . \frac{A}{B} \right \} \to X</math> |
[edit] Spacing
Note that TeX handles most spacing automatically, but you may sometimes want manual control.
| Feature |
Syntax |
How it looks rendered |
| double quad space |
a \qquad b |
<math>a \qquad b</math> |
| quad space |
a \quad b |
<math>a \quad b</math> |
| text space |
a\ b |
<math>a\ b</math> |
| text space without PNG conversion |
a \mbox{ } b |
<math>a \mbox{ } b</math> |
| large space |
a\;b |
<math>a\;b</math> |
| medium space |
a\>b |
[not supported] |
| small space |
a\,b |
<math>a\,b</math> |
| no space |
ab |
<math>ab\,</math> |
| negative space |
a\!b |
<math>a\!b</math> |
[edit] Align with normal text flow
If you desperately need to insert an expression like <math>\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx</math> in the normal text flow, you can use a HTML <font> tag for vertical alignment:
- <font style="vertical-align:-100%;"><math>...</math></font>
[edit] Forced PNG rendering
If you must, it is possible to force the formula to render as PNG, without affecting the display of the formula, by adding \, (small space) at the end of the formula (where it is not rendered). This will force PNG if the user is in "HTML if simple" mode, but not for "HTML if possible" mode (math rendering settings in Preferences).
You can also use \,\! (small space and negative space, which cancel out) anywhere inside the math tags. This does force PNG in "HTML if possible" mode, unlike \,.
This could be useful to keep the rendering of formulae in a proof consistent, for example, or to fix formulae that render incorrectly in HTML (at one time, a^{2+2} rendered with an extra underscore), or to demonstrate how something is rendered when it would normally show up as HTML (as in the examples above).
For instance:
| Syntax |
How it looks rendered |
| a^{2+2} |
<math>a^{2+2}</math> |
| a^{2+2} \, |
<math>a^{2+2} \,</math> |
| a^{\,\!2+2} |
<math>a^{\,\!2+2}</math> |
| \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx |
<math>\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx</math> |
| \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx \, |
<math>\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx \,</math> |
| \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx \,\! |
<math>\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx \,\!</math> |
This has been tested with most of the formulae on this page, and seems to work perfectly.
You might want to include a comment in the HTML so people don't "correct" the formula by removing it:
- <!-- The \,\! is to keep the formula rendered as PNG instead of HTML. Please don't remove it.-->
[edit] Examples
<math>x_{1,2} = {{ - b \pm \sqrt {b^2 - 4ac} } \over {2a}}</math>
<math>\frac{4}{3-x} = \frac{3}{2-x}</math>
<math>\left(3-x\right) \times \left( \frac{2}{3-x} \right) = \left(3-x\right) \times \left( \frac{3}{2-x} \right)</math>
<math>2 = \left(3-x\right) \times \left( \frac{3}{2-x} \right)</math>
<math>2 = \left( \frac{\left(3-x\right) \times 3}{2-x} \right)</math>
<math>2 = \left( \frac{9-3x}{2-x} \right)</math>
<math>2 \times \left(2-x\right) = \left(2-x\right) \times \left( \frac{9-3x}{2-x} \right)</math>
<math>2 \times \left(2-x\right) = \frac{\left(2-x\right) \times \left(9-3x\right)}{2-x}</math>
<math>2 \times \left(2-x\right) = 9-3x \!</math>
<math>4-2x = 9-3x \!</math>
<math>-2x+3x = 9-4 \!</math>
<math>x = 5 \!</math>
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