Quote:
Originally posted by Attila:
That must be an understatement. I would have said the Fed is not accountable to anyone. So who sets the reserve ratio. who manages and regulates the finance system in the US? Are you stating no one. Not the Fed or the Senate? Well if so you have identified possibly the downfall of the US empire.
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Obviously there is an official reserve ratio, set by the Fed. Without even getting into anything else, it should be obvious that if you can securitize a loan and sell it off, this frees you to make more loans. This is an international, not just a US, practice. Therefore, throughout the world, reserve ratios are flouted regularly in good times, when people are willing to buy the securities offered by the banks.
In bad times, the multiplier exists only because the whole thing goes into reverse: as loans are defaulted on, asset prices deflate, more loans get defaulted on because of the lower asset prices, more people default, and so on.
Just to give a quick example of this in action: the lousy economy is causing one of my neighbors, who owns his own business, to possibly have his house foreclosed. He's in at least the second wave of defaults, not the first. He was considered a worthy borrower when times were good, and he was. Now he's not anymore. There are lots of people in this position.
Lehman: Lehman was an investment bank. Investment banks were not regulated by the Fed.
AIG was an insurance company, and they were up to their eyeballs in this as well. Also, not regulated by the Fed.
As for enforcement, I don't know how it's done in other countries. I suspect culture plays as strong a role as official action. As far as official action, the moment I found out the bank only had to report its reserve position once every two weeks I knew it was a fiction. Obviously, especially in this time of instant electronic transactions, reporting only once every two weeks is crazy.
But what you're also missing is that this will happen again, because some way will be found to make it happen again. They can ban securitization of loans, tighten up reserve enforcement, etc., etc. Some way will be found around all of it, and the party will start all over again.
Read
A Nation of Counterfeiters, by Stephen Mihm. Prior to the Civil War, the US had no recognized national currency, believe it or not. At that time, private banks issued money against their reserves of gold and silver. The situation that wound up existing was - what else? - an unlimited money supply. This book is about that time.
So now we have a single national currency, and a single enforcer of the money supply: the Fed. But what did you wind up with in the recent boom? A de facto unlimited money supply.
Conclusion: a way will always be found. It was found when there was a gold standard, it was found again in the Twenties under a slightly looser gold standard, and it was found again in this boom under a fiat currency regime with regulations put in place specifically to prevent the Twenties happening again.
Instability is inherent in capitalism.